When Alessandro Vicario told me about his photographic project, “In Demonte and the Stura Valley, in the Footsteps of Lalla Romano”, I must confess that my first reaction was one of some uncertainty. In all her works, I thought, Lalla had always started from herself and followed the thread of memory: how, then, could an outside gaze, that of a photographer, tell of a world of memories and emotions without betraying them? Certainly, for this research, Alessandro Vicario could draw guidance and assistance from three of the author’s books: La penombra che abbiamo attraversato, Nuovo romanzo di figure and Ritorno a Ponte Stura. The first is a recollection of the childhood she spent in her native village; the latter two bring together the pictures taken by Lalla’s father in the Stura Valley, alongside short texts by Romano herself, at once illuminating and mysterious, irrevocable and elusive. Vicario could therefore not only imagine the places and people described by Lalla in La penombra che abbiamo attraversato, but actually see them again through her father Roberto’s photographs.
And yet, would such an abundance of both real and imagined figures truly help? Years earlier, I had come across a book by a contemporary photographer who, with great exactitude and tenacity, had photographed precisely the same places in India painted by Thomas and William Daniell at the end of the eighteenth century. The result had struck me not merely as flatly imitative, but as positively dispiriting: in those images, all the aura and magic of the paintings seemed to vanish, without the photographs adding anything substantial. Perhaps, I remember thinking then, the “fault” was not the photographer’s — he was, moreover, an excellent professional — but lay in the unequal comparison itself. Every image of the past, precisely because it evokes a world now beyond reach, appears evocative and fascinating to our eyes; photographs of the present, by contrast, often risk appearing inert and prosaic as soon as they are directly compared with older pictures of the same places.
Would such a disparity not arise again in Vicario’s work in Demonte? All the more so because the photographs by Lalla’s father were not those of a professional engaged in documenting the Stura Valley. An “Amateur Photographer”, as he liked to call himself, Roberto Romano simply portrayed what he loved: his wife and daughters, his friends, but also the snow-covered valley and the beloved mountains where he went hunting. He appears to us, then, as a sensitive and profound witness to his time, precisely because his photographs sprang solely from his emotions and emotional ties, without any artistic ambition to create a portrait of an age. How could Alessandro Vicario produce a work capable of withstanding the daunting comparison with Lalla’s magnificent texts and her father Roberto’s photographic albums, both arising from specific lived experiences?
Of course, Vicario had read Lalla’s books attentively and had already succeeded, in Paesaggi d’assenza. Sulle tracce di Lalla Romano, in portraying the author’s house after her death through images of great intensity. Moreover, the new project came from a direct suggestion by Antonio Ria, the writer’s beloved partner in life and work, and the very person who had rediscovered Roberto Romano’s forgotten photographs. Yet the doubt remained: did Vicario’s research not risk becoming a kind of forceful intrusion into a world of memories and experiences that did not belong to him?
It was Lalla Romano herself who eventually “answered” this last doubt of mine. In Ritorno a Ponte Stura, she writes: “What is essential in memories and recollections? What will be grasped and relived by those who were not there. / Ultimately, it is the only immortality that belongs to us.”[1] A little further on: “Dear memories, because true, that is, invented. History, geography: not prisons, but freedom. / There is no conclusion, because time continues. It moves forward and returns. Such is the rhythm.”[2] These crystalline sentences reveal a clear awareness that all her writings, born as journeys of discovery into herself and her lived experiences, begin in the private sphere in order to open themselves to the experiences and imaginations of readers. More than that, it is as though the author wished to encourage someone to retrace her steps, so that the circle of time and experience should not close in on itself, but continue towards the future. “Memory is sacred, but it is not a prison. / To love memory is also to love the future,”[3] she adds, again in Ritorno a Ponte Stura.
When my eyes fell on these pages, then, my doubts about Vicario’s project began to dissolve. With these words, I told myself, it was as though Lalla, who had returned to Demonte in the footsteps of her childhood to write La penombra che abbiamo attraversato, had wished to invite someone else to reach that valley once more and continue her journey. An invitation that Antonio Ria, the sensitive and faithful guardian of Lalla’s work and memory, had recognised and then entrusted to Alessandro Vicario. And to whom else? With Paesaggi d’assenza, Vicario had already made a work that was not simply a record of the house where the writer had lived, but brought into being a kind of mimetic interaction with her writing, a continuation of her poetics transfigured into visual terms.
Indeed, looking at the final result of this latest research, one has the impression that Alessandro Vicario has once again managed to avoid a flatly descriptive approach, finding a profound affinity, far from superficial, with the work and childhood places of the great writer. If, in Romanzo di figure, Lalla Romano’s words placed beside her father’s images do not illustrate the story but, as Francesco Porzio argues, “participate actively in the making of the work”,[4] so in this new return to the Stura Valley, Vicario’s images do not reproduce exactly the places photographed by Roberto Romano, nor merely describe the words of La penombra che abbiamo attraversato in a pedantic way. Instead, they enter into dialogue and relationship, as though they wished to reactivate Lalla Romano’s writings and question once more the stories and events that the author herself had deliberately left unfinished, open.
“For me, as for my mother, the mountains were beauty,”[5] we read in La penombra che abbiamo attraversato. Instead of a predictable romantic photograph of mountain scenery at sunset, Vicario places beside this sentence an image of a mountain’s massive summit, portrayed close up and without indulgence, so that its rough rocky ridges come to resemble a wrinkled face, furrowed by the marks of millennia. Devoid of sentimentality, like a sample taken from reality, this photograph reveals how Vicario’s gaze, like Lalla’s writing, seeks not aestheticism but a precise, almost unsparing rendering of the real. The mountain itself, in its strength and presence, emerges from the image in its austere otherness. Both photographer and writer thus impose on themselves an absolute economy, a stylistic clarity of crystalline rigour, free of all preciousness. It is no coincidence, for example, that the photographer, going against current fashions, chose to work with transparencies rather than colour negatives, which allow atmospheric lightening or evocatively soft, pastel tones. If photography is a trace of reality, Vicario seems to tell us, let it be so to the fullest extent, without escapes into the inessential.
Yet this rigorous photographic operation does not lead to a naïve self-evidence. Rather, it reveals that even the most familiar reality is irreducibly other than ourselves and possesses a hidden aspect that makes it elusive. The unsparing closeness and courageous concentration of both Lalla’s writing and Alessandro’s images do not, in fact, produce works with an obvious, identifiable meaning. As Jacqueline Risset wrote, quoted by Romano herself in the preface to Nei mari estremi: “The essential movement of Lalla Romano’s gaze can be described thus: drawing closer deepens the mystery.”[6]
Freed from the flow of experience, having become image or writing, things turn into laconic imprints, open to a contradictory, divergent condition. They offer themselves as presences while at the same time withdrawing into a kind of silent, suspended distance; they are there in their “thingness”, yet act as metaphors in which the visible becomes the presence of what is invisible. As Merleau-Ponty reminds us, “to see is to have at a distance”.[7] While the eye governed by a Platonic metaphysics seeks to go beyond the visible to attain a supposed fullness of being, the questioning gaze knows that seeing requires discretion if it is to open itself to an elsewhere, to the unrepresentable inscribed within representation. Perhaps it is precisely this distance, paradoxically combined with the greatest closeness, that creates in Lalla Romano’s writing and Alessandro Vicario’s images a kind of interval, a gap that opens them to the mystery of things and to questioning.
The photographer further emphasises this interval through the titles of his images. Alongside the precise location photographed, these give the day, hour and minute when the photograph was taken. Certainly, as Alessandro himself explained to us, this indication of time refers once again to the “indexical” nature of photography, to its being an emanation of the referent captured at a precise instant. Nevertheless, it also works as a kind of break, gap or distancing, so that the photographs ultimately appear to us as photographs, rather than, or not only, as images of something. Immediately below photographs depicting the ruins of the old hamlet of Biancotti, the path leading to the castle, or the stone on which the baker Blin used to sit, we find these obsessively precise titles, which ultimately change the way we look. They tell us, insistently, that what we see is only what the camera saw at a precise, exact moment. Without them, we might easily have appropriated the images, perceiving them as situated in a temporality of our own choosing.
What interests Vicario, however, is to emphasise the continuous flow of time: that inexorable passage, revealed by the camera, which compelled him to return repeatedly — the dates span September 2005 to June 2006 — to the very places to which Lalla Romano had herself returned to write La penombra che abbiamo attraversato. In other words, Vicario wishes to keep open the temporal disjunction that also characterises the writer’s works, where “memory is in a relationship with something ‘other’, which inevitably remains detached from the person remembering”.[8] In this way, he seems to wish to turn into a material, visible work certain illuminating reflections by Lalla, who writes in Ritorno a Ponte Stura: “Beginnings always begin again, and are never finished. Not even when we ourselves have come to an end. Even ending never ends. It is a spiral, not a circle. Everything ends, everything also returns. In this circularity, or rather, as I have said, spiral, lies the meaning of return too.”[9] A return that returns but never reaches the past: it “merely” enables us to recognise it in its unreachable otherness.
Resolutely free of nostalgia, precise as testimony, this photographer’s images, once again in tune with Lalla’s writing, work not by addition but by subtraction. “People often say that my writing is pared to the bone: what is certain is that, for me, what remains unspoken matters more than what is said. I leave much room for silence,”[10] the writer says of her work. She pares down her sentences until they seem cut out of the uncontrollable magma of life, until every word becomes inevitable, as precise as a fragment of reality. He uses photography as a taking of samples, eliminates everything superfluous, stands before things as though to prevent them from escaping, photographs them close up and cuts them out, surrounding them with silence. This insistent bracketing turns their sentences and images into dense fragments removed from the continuum of experience and the linearity of our ways of thinking and seeing, suspending them in a silent space open to the mystery of things. It is as though their clarity of expression could always stop before words and images slipped into the presumption of saying and showing everything. They reveal and suggest at the same time, advance and withdraw, introducing pauses and shifts into the representational power of language.
Vicario doubles this movement, dense with disjunctions and delayed repetitions, when he brings his images into relation with sentences from La penombra che abbiamo attraversato or with Roberto Romano’s photographs. Here too, he never illustrates a sentence with a perfectly corresponding photograph, nor reproduces exactly the same framing or the same places once photographed by Roberto Romano. “There is a correspondence between the wind and the rushing of the Cant; both were an inexhaustible flow,” writes Lalla Romano.[11] Beside it, the title of Vicario’s photograph reads: “Demonte, Cant stream from the bridge on the road to Festiona. Tuesday 31 January 2006, 13:06.” But what does the photograph show? A patch of frozen snow crossed by the bluish shadows of branches, with a black fissure at its centre. Where is the Cant stream? It is there, physically before our eyes, yet at the same time only suggested. We have to imagine the strength of its “inexhaustible flow” from the tenacity with which it has melted, however slightly, the thick blanket of snow that covers it.
And again: we see an image by Roberto Romano in which the little Lalla sits in front of the railing of her home’s balcony. Beside it, Vicario’s photograph bears the title: “Demonte, exterior of the Romano house. Friday 26 May 2006, 17:50.” Once again, our voyeurism remains unsatisfied; it literally comes up against a detail of the Romano home’s outer wall. The sole aesthetic concession is the shadow of a railing cutting diagonally across the image, referring us, almost with reserve, to the little balcony of the Romano house. This shadow emphasises not only the fleeting temporality caught by his photograph at 17:50, but above all photography’s relationship with memory and with the melancholy experience of loss, since what a photograph shows us is always an unreachable “has been”.
In short, the images throughout this research, by being, so to speak, cut out and gathered, introduce a pause into the haste of seeing and establish a space of silence. As in Lalla Romano’s works, it is precisely this “not saying everything” that makes them allusive, traversed by a chiasmus that removes them from the control of their creators and offers them, enigmatic and aloof, to viewers.
2006
[1] Lalla Romano, Ritorno a Ponte Stura, edited by Antonio Ria, Einaudi, Turin, 2000, p. 126.
[2] Ibid., p. 127.
[3] Ibid., p. 126.
[4] Francesco Porzio, Su «Romanzo di figure», in Intorno a Lalla Romano, p. 343; quoted in Antonio Ria’s appendix, Scrittura e fotografia, in Lalla Romano, Nuovo Romanzo di figure, Einaudi, Turin, 1997.
[5] Lalla Romano, La penombra che abbiamo attraversato, Einaudi Tascabili, Turin, 1994 (first edition 1964), p. 22.
[6] Jacqueline Risset, quoted in Lalla Romano’s preface to Nei mari estremi, new edition edited by Antonio Ria, Einaudi Tascabili, Turin, 2000, p. VIII, note 3.
[7] Maurice Merleau-Ponty, L’occhio e lo spirito, SE, Milan, 1989, p. 23.
[8] Giulio Ferroni, afterword to Lalla Romano, La penombra che abbiamo attraversato, Tascabili Einaudi, Turin, 1994, p. 216.
[9] Lalla Romano, Ritorno a Ponte Stura, cited above, p. 5.
[10] Lalla Romano, Semplicemente Lalla, interview by Grazia Cherchi, L’Unità/Libri, 4 July 1994.
[11] Lalla Romano, La penombra che abbiamo attraversato, cited above, p. 72.