How did the idea for this research arise, when it seems so far removed from the present?
“The work was commissioned last year by the Municipality of Losone, in Canton Ticino, for a group exhibition on the plague. Certainly, the epidemic that struck northern Italy and Ticino in the sixteenth century is a subject far removed from the present. Very far removed, and not merely in appearance. It is, however, historically connected to the very exhibition space that first hosted this show. This is Bluvanoni Spazio per l’Arte Contemporanea, housed in the Church of San Rocco in Losone. Saint Roch is the patron saint of plague sufferers. Originally, then, it was a site-specific work.
“The subject is a number of ruined houses, not far from the Church of San Rocco, that were probably used to shelter plague sufferers from Losone, separating them from the healthy during the epidemic of 1584–85. There was also a literary starting point. A historical source, to be precise: the transcription of a short manuscript from 1912 in which a local historian, Siro Borrani, mentions the buildings near Novella, in the woods of Arcegno — the exact name of the place. The title of the work is also a quotation from this document, included as an epigraph in this catalogue.”
What fascinated you about this work?
“First of all, the place where I took the photographs. An evocative place, full of memory. The ruins, fairly close to one another, stand in dense, shady woodland. What enchanted me above all were the sounds of the woods: the rustling of grass in the wind, the stirring of leaves, birdsong.
“The process of conceiving and producing the project was fascinating too. The ideas that led me to experiment with a form of expression new to me arose intuitively. I found satisfaction in the immediacy with which I reached the final result.”
Can you describe the technical process of your work precisely?
“From the outset, I had considered taking the photographs with a pinhole rather than a lens, recording the image not on film or photographic paper but with a digital sensor. In this way, I wanted to bring together the two technological extremes of photography: the pinhole, the most archaic image-forming system, and the digital sensor, the most modern and current device for recording an image.”
Why did you choose the pinhole? What satisfaction did it give you? And how did this choice contribute to the realisation of your project?
“I sensed a particular coherence between this process and the theme I had been given, and above all the way I wished to approach it. Just as the pinhole and the digital sensor coexist and can be combined in contemporary photographic technology, so past and present coexist in the world and in all our lives. Past and present are not separate dimensions, but dimensions that depend on each other. The past is part of the present: the past is a model, developed in the present, of things and events that have passed. Reconstructed through the signs, traces and clues that have reached us, and interpreted through the knowledge and the scientific and technological means we have today.
“Pinhole photography lacks the sharpness characteristic of conventional photographs. Unlike an image formed by a lens, which can be brought into or out of focus, the image produced by a pinhole is uniformly low in detail. A pinhole allows neither focusing nor defocusing. The depth of field is infinite. It produces vague, indistinct images. It is as though things were merely suggested rather than described analytically. The result is a representation that seems almost dreamlike. The appeal of this particular form of photography springs from these distinctive qualities.”
Is this the first time you have used pinhole photography?
“This is the first project. A small project. But it has given me satisfaction and encourages me to continue the research I have begun, beyond this specific subject, of course. In fact, though, I have known pinhole photography since I was a boy. I still remember my first pinhole experiments. I was still in compulsory education. As you know, I began practising photography as a boy, with my father, a photographer. With his help, I made a pinhole camera from a shoebox — I made the hole simply by piercing a piece of foil with a needle, as everyone does — and in summer I enjoyed photographing my friends and simple views of the village in the Marche where I spent the long summer holidays. Who knows where those old images have ended up? Sooner or later I will look for them. I would like to see them again.”
How did you go about making the project in practice?
“In choosing the light and the framing, I relied, as usual, on instinct, on intuition. I let the place — its atmosphere, its colours, its light — suggest what I should do. I spent an afternoon in the woods of Novella until dusk; then I returned very early the next morning and stayed until lunchtime. I took about twenty photographs, not counting variants, from which I would later choose those for the exhibition. But I did not yet know how I would present the work.”
How did you arrive at the finished work?
“I chose six images and printed them on ceramic tiles, one of the most durable supports, yet also a fragile one. I shattered them, not in a calculated way, but leaving it more or less to chance, by hitting them with a hammer. At the first exhibition I offered visitors the fragments of these tiles, inviting them to treat them as a historian or archaeologist would treat sources that had reached them damaged and fragmented. In other words, I invited them to put the pieces back together, making the images reappear.
“Finally, when that group exhibition was over, I photographed the reassembled tiles and printed the reproductions at the same size. These reproductions — photographs of photographs — are, for me, the final work that I now present to the public.”
Why did you print the photographs on ceramic tiles?
“I do not know exactly how or why, and I do not even remember when, I conceived the idea of turning the images — personal, partial, arbitrary testimony to traces of the past — into something with greater physical substance than ordinary photographic prints. I wanted the images themselves to be, or to appear to be, physical artefacts. I wished to emphasise, by making it manifest and even tangible, the idea that not only the material remains of the past but also the testimony to them, the secondary sources, are fragile and susceptible to alteration: subject, in short, to human events, to tampering, and to chance.”
I wanted Alessandro Vicario himself to explain his research, and rather than offering statements of poetics, I wanted him to tell me, in concrete, practical terms, how he arrived at this work: its conception, its process and the final result, which can be seen in this catalogue and in the exhibition.
I can say sincerely that the few, essential images presented here truly intrigue me: they fascinate me and arouse my curiosity at the same time. Even though they are very different from Alessandro’s other works, whose conception and development I have followed over the years, often accompanying them through to their placement on the catalogue page or on the walls of galleries and other exhibition spaces. These images are different, further removed from my own photographic and critical experience; perhaps that is precisely why they attract me.
First of all, there is the experience of pinhole photography, which appears, on the surface, elementary, almost banal. I remember how Ando Gilardi popularised it, especially in education, from the 1980s onwards. But Vicario takes it a step further, as he himself has explained: he uses a simple, elementary photographic technique, but combines it with a digital sensor. Almost two opposites that Alessandro manages to unite, to join, with results that are, indeed, intriguing. And surprising.
What is the relationship between these images and their original subject, the plague? None of us has experienced contact with a plague sufferer. But I think of people with leprosy, the many I saw and helped care for over several months in a small hospital deep in the forest in Cameroon, many years ago. The memory is still vivid, precisely because I also photographed them. I do not think Alessandro has had this experience, which leaves a mark for life. Yet, in some way, his images recall the wounds that disease inflicted on those bodies. “Tears” that do not heal; scars from “lesions” that remain for ever, even in those who survive. Suggestions. Each person will then read in these images what their experience leads them to read. There are “tears” and fractures, “lesions”, of very different kinds: physical and psychological. The discussion can expand from the experience of the plague in the sixteenth century to subjects, traumas, fractures and wounds closer to contemporary sensibilities, prompted by these images, so deeply immersed in past and present. Images of memory that nevertheless look, and make us look, towards today.
Memory has, in fact, been one of the founding themes of Alessandro Vicario’s photographic research from the beginning: one need only leaf through his bibliography to see this. Yet it is a memory that does not remain confined to the past, but looks towards the future. “Is memory freedom?” Lalla Romano asked herself in her final book, Ritorno a Ponte Stura, published in 2000, a few months before her death, almost as a testament to her poetics. And she answered: “It must be. Memory is sacred, but it is not a prison. To love memory is also to love the future.”
Alessandro Vicario, who has read Lalla Romano’s books and worked in her Milan home and in her native places in the Stura Valley, has absorbed another of her fundamental characteristics: that “surrounding with silence”, with white spaces, of her texts, her writing. Spaces for pause and reflection, not only for the writer but above all for the reader. And what a battle Alessandro fought to leave a blank page beside every image: in this way the images live, not only in themselves but in those who look at them, and who, on that blank page, will “read” or “write” their own “reading of the image”. And of their life, and of their experience.
The lives and experiences of contemporary people are increasingly fragmented: we “read” them in the double-page image that opens this catalogue. Irreversible fragmentation? Dispersal without return? In the first presentation of this exhibition, Alessandro Vicario invited visitors to try to reassemble the shards of his photographs on ceramic. Ultimately, then, what he wishes to convey is a positive message, one of hope. Reassembly is possible: one can break out of the circle of the “plague”. The dispersal of meaning and of life is neither final nor inevitable. Certainly, it takes patience. But also courage.
Alessandro Vicario’s photography starts from the past but commits itself to the present, with its gaze turned towards the future. Photography founded on memory, yet open to hope. In its informal, almost abstract character, it appears engaged and firmly rooted in life.
As Diego Mormorio rightly writes in the following pages, commenting on Vicario’s images, from the “memory of the plague in the woods of Arcegno” emerges a photography capable of using a measure “that probes the depths of things”.
Milan, Wednesday 16 December 2009